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Next, a subset of posts was manually labelled to train a supervised text classification model (BERT). To answer the research question, I first scraped the Incels.is website, and retained ~5.38M posts published over 4 years for analysis. In other words, this work tests whether active participation increases the frequency of utterances of misogyny, harassment, and moral outrage, thus demonstrating a radicalisation tendency or increased nihilism. This study investigates whether participating registered users of the Incels.is website display increasing tendency toward expressing utterances with the themes of misogyny, harassment, nihilism, and moral outrage in their posted messages, and whether users gradually become more aligned with the general perception of incels in previous scholarly work. Regardless, some scholars view the community as potentially dangerous to society, labelling them as terrorists. However, incels do not unanimously consider violence a solution, many demonstrate the tame side of the so-called blackpilled mindset, the acceptance of powerlessness, and nihilism. Calls for action to social change, even for violence is common. This unfulfilled masculinity and sense of entitlement to sex cause frustration and anger which are vented in online forums blaming primarily women and feminism.
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Incels voice their feelings of deprivation of a relationship and sex with a willing partner. Incels are mostly young men who feel stigmatised and need to hide their incel existence. In this thesis I study the online presence of the incel community. However, quantifying radicalisation trajectories in fringe online communities like the misogynist incels are still to be done. Broad scholarly literature addresses opinion polarisation and potential radicalisation in online social media platforms. Connecting with others with whom one shares deprivation in a support network offers a sense of belonging. However, it is recognised that ideas, ideologies, and social movements spread across the internet at an unprecedented pace. Some scholars anticipate that the internet liberates the discussion of opinions, others claim social networking platforms play a role in the polarisation of the public by creating echo chambers. Spatial barriers no longer pose obstacles to connecting with like-minded (or dissimilar) others to define and refine ingroup and outgroup. Technological advancements and affordability enable voicing of social injustice, feelings of deprivation, and oppression. Our results shows increasing patterns on misogynistic content and users as well as violent attitudes, corroborating existing theories of feminist studies that the amount of misogyny, hostility and violence is steadily increasing in the manosphere. This analysis was conducted on 6 million posts, from 300K conversations created between 2011 and December 2018. Grounded on feminist critiques of language, we created nine lexicons capturing specific misogynistic rhetoric (Physical Violence, Sexual Violence, Hostility, Patriarchy, Stoicism, Racism, Homophobia, Belittling, and Flipped Narrative) and used these lexicons to explore how language evolves within and across misogynistic groups. In this paper, we study this phenomenon by investigating the flow of extreme language across seven online communities on Reddit, with openly misogynistic members (e.g., Men Going Their Own Way, Involuntarily Celibates), and investigate if and how misogynistic ideas spread within and across these communities. Feminist scholars evidence this through a shift in the language and interests of some men's rights activists on the manosphere, away from traditional subjects of family law or mental health and towards more sexually explicit, violent, racist and homophobic language. Serious accusations have been levied against it for its role in encouraging misogyny and violent threats towards women online, as well as for potentially radicalising lonely or disenfranchised men. The 'manosphere' has been a recent subject of feminist scholarship on the web.